Yarn Classification: Raw Materials, Technology, Structure, Use

Yarn is a continuous fiber bundle composed of staple fibers or filament aggregates, generally including three types of yarns: staple yarn, filament yarn and fancy yarn. There are many types of yarns, with different properties. To fully understand the types and uses of yarns, Sinrylion professional polyester yarn manufacturer will start from four aspects: raw materials, processes, structures and uses.

Yarn raw material

The raw materials of yarn include short fiber and filament fiber: short fiber yarn includes cotton yarn, linen yarn, wool yarn, silk yarn, purified fiber yarn, blended yarn, etc. Filament fibers mainly refer to silk and chemical fiber filaments. As far as yarn is concerned, its raw materials are often composed of one or more fibers, namely single fiber yarn and blended yarn.

1.Monofilament Yarn

Yarns spun from one fiber raw material, such as pure cotton yarns, pure wool yarns, and pure viscose yarns, are suitable for making pure textiles and mainly reflect the basic properties of the fibers used.

2.Blended Yarn

Yarn blended from two or more different fiber materials, the purpose is to combine the advantages of various fibers, improve the performance of the yarn, and increase the variety of colors. Such as polyester-cotton blended yarn, wool and viscose blended yarn.

Spinning Process

1.Yarn twist: twist, twist direction

yarn twist in fabric

Influence of Yarn Twisting Direction on Fabric

2.Carding yarn: carded yarn, combed yarn and waste yarn

Carded yarn is a yarn spun by a common spinning system.

Combed yarn is made of high-quality fibers and is spun with an additional combing process compared to carded yarn. Combed yarn has straighter fiber alignment, higher yarn strength, better luster and fewer defects.

Waste yarn, which is spun into yarn from waste cotton processed in the spinning process, is generally only used for weaving coarse cotton blankets, terry cloth and packaging cloth, etc.

Morphological structure of the yarn

1.Yarn fineness/yarn count

Here we take cotton yarn and wool yarn as examples to illustrate the division of yarn fineness.

Roving, cotton yarn over 32tex, mainly used for weaving thick fabrics or raised cotton fabrics. Such as coarse cloth, flannel, strong tweed and so on.

Medium yarn, 33~22tex cotton yarn, mainly used for weaving plain, twill, satin and other fabrics, cotton fabrics are widely used.

Spun yarn, cotton yarn of 21tex and below, is mainly used for high-end needle-punched and cotton fabrics, such as high-end poplin, high-end sweatshirts, undershirts, etc.

If you want to know more about yarn fineness, please refer to this article: Yarn fineness/yarn count expression method, conversion relationship, test method: Tex, Den, Nm, Ne

2.Yarn shape

Staple Fiber Yarn

Single yarn: It is directly spun from staple fibers and is mainly used as a raw material for fabrics.

Ply yarn: A thread formed by twisting two or more single yarns, which has better strength and wear resistance than single yarns. There are 2-ply yarn, 3-ply yarn and multi-ply yarn such as sewing thread, embroidery thread and knitting thread.

Double-twisted stranded wire: It is twisted by two or more strands of stranded wire and is mainly used for decorative threads, ropes, etc.

Short fiber yarns generally have a loose structure, have more air content, more wool, and less luster, so they have good hand feel and covering power. Woven fabrics have better comfort and appearance properties, proper strength and uniformity.

Filament Yarn

Filament yarn is made by twisting or untwisting one or more filaments, mainly including ordinary filaments and special-shaped filaments.

Filament yarn has smooth surface, good luster, low friction and poor covering ability. However, it has good strength and uniformity and can be woven into finer yarns. The fabric woven with it feels smooth, cool, bright and smooth, and its strength and wear resistance are better than those of short-fiber yarn fabrics.

Fancy Yarn

In addition to short fiber yarns and filament yarns, a class of fancy yarns are also produced to enrich the appearance of fabrics and improve their wearing properties.

Fancy yarn is a yarn with special appearance, feel, structure and texture obtained through various methods, which is mainly manifested in various color and shape changes on the yarn. The fancy yarn enriches the appearance of the fabric, and also improves some wearing properties of the fabric.

Sinrylion has been a fancy yarn manufacturer for 40 years, producing various types of fancy yarns.

Yarn uses

1. The warp yarn is used as the warp yarn for weaving. Since the warp yarn is subject to great tension and friction during the weaving process, it is required to have high strength and appropriate twist.

2. Weft yarn is used for weaving. Since the weft yarn does not bear more tension and friction during weaving, the strength of the weft yarn is smaller than that of the warp yarn, but it needs a certain degree of softness and twist stability. The twist should not be too much. 

3. Knitting yarn is required to be soft and smooth, smooth through knitting crochet needles, so the knitting yarn is clean and uniform, and the twist is lower than that of warp and weft yarns.

4. Cheese, yarn removed from the winder and wound in bobbins.

5. Coiled yarn is a yarn wound from a package yarn according to the specified length and number of turns. For example, the length of cotton yarn is 1000 meters, which is called "one roll". Its shape is suitable for inspection and dyeing processing, and is convenient for packaging, transportation and storage.